Participatory backcasting process which involved three deliberative workshops with 32 UK stakeholders from industry, academia, government, civil society and community organisations concerning different kinds of technologies for sustainably retrofitting cities. The workshops were run by researchers from a number of different UK universities between 2011 and 2012. The process involved developing 3 national UK urban retrofit roadmaps for energy, water and waste, and resulted in three visions for retrofitted cities in 2050, namely Smart-Networked City, Compact City and Self Reliant Green City, which had different implications for change in land-use and urban form. A key finding of this research was the interconnectedness of energy, water and waste systems in securing sustainable cities, but the lack of opportunities to coordinate and envisage the futures of these systems.